
國小英語是英語學習的黃金基礎期,以下整理了10大必備知識點與語法總結,內容完整、分類清晰,幫助學生系統性掌握核心內容。
一、人稱代詞
主格 → 賓格 → 形容詞性物主代詞
- I(我)→ me → my
- you(你)→ you → your
- he(他)→ him → his
- she(她)→ her → her
- we(我們)→ us → our
- they(他們)→ them → their
- it(它)→ it → its
指示代詞
- that(那個)→ these(這些)→ those(那些)
二、疑問代詞
- 問什麼: what
- 問哪裡: where
- 問誰的: whose
- 問幾點: what time
- 問時候: when
- 問年齡: how old
- 問價格: how much
- 問多大: how big
- 問頻率: how often
- 問多重: how heavy
- 問原因: why
- 問是誰: who
- 問哪個: which
- 問星期: what day
- 問怎樣: how
- 問多少: how many
- 問多高: how tall
- 問多長: how long
- 問多久: how soon
- 問顏色: what color
三、英語縮略詞
代詞與系動詞
- I am = I'm
- you are = you're
- she is = she's
- he is = he's
- it is = it's
- that is = that's
- we are = we're
- they are = they're
否定形式
- is not = isn't
- are not = aren't
- was not = wasn't
- were not = weren't
- do not = don't
- does not = doesn't
- did not = didn't
- can not = can't
- will not = won't
其他常見縮寫
- there is = there's
- what is = what's
- when is = when's
- who is = who's
- I will = I'll
- we will = we'll
- I would = I'd
- we have = we've
四、英語時態
| 時態 | 主動語態結構 | 被動語態結構 |
|---|---|---|
| 一般現在時 | do / does | am / is / are + done |
| 一般將來時 | will do | will / shall be done |
| 一般過去時 | did | was / were done |
| 現在進行時 | be doing | am / is / are being done |
| 現在完成時 | have / has done | have / has been done |
| 過去完成時 | had done | had been done |
| 過去將來時 | would do | would be done |
| 過去進行時 | was / were doing | was / were being done |
五、四大時態標誌詞
一般現在時
- always(總是)、usually(通常)、often(經常)
- sometimes(有時)、never(從不)、every day(每天)
- every time(每次)、in the morning(早上)、at night(每晚)
- twice a month(每月兩次)、once a week(每周一次)
一般過去時
- ago(以前)、last time(上次)、last night(昨晚)
- last year(去年)、once(曾經)、just now(剛才)
- last term(上學期)、last Monday(上周一)
- the day before yesterday(前天)
一般將來時 & 現在進行時
- tomorrow(明天)、soon(很快)、next Friday(下周五)
- now(現在)、right now(現在)、at this moment(此時)
- look(看)、listen(聽)、at present(現在)
六、句子結構
五大基本句型
- 主+謂: He runs.(他跑)
- 主+謂+賓: They build a house.(他們建了一個房子)
- 主+系+表: He is an engineer.(他是一個工程師)
- 主+謂+賓+賓補: She made John sad.(她使約翰傷心了)
- 主+謂+雙賓: She shows me a book.(她向我展示了一本書)
三大從句
- 名詞性從句: That the earth is round is real.(地球為圓是真的)
- 形容詞性從句: He remembers the thing that his father is back.(他記得他的父親回來了這件事)
- 副詞性從句: When it rains, I go to school by bus.(天下雨時,我坐公交車上學)
七、句子類型
- 陳述句: We have a new classroom.(我們有一個新教室)
- 祈使句: Don't worry.(別擔心)
- 感嘆句: What a hot day it is!(好熱的天)
- 一般疑問句: Can you do kung fu?(你會功夫嗎?)
- 特殊疑問句: Where is your mother?(你媽媽在哪?)
八、10大單詞詞性
- 名詞: 表示人、物、地點、抽象概念的名稱(例:apple, pear)
- 動詞: 表示動作或者狀態(例:look, cry)
- 形容詞: 表示人或事物的性質特徵,修飾名詞(例:good, tall)
- 冠詞: 用於名詞前,限定名詞的意義(例:a, an, the)
- 副詞: 修飾動詞或形容詞,說明時間、地點等(例:now, truly)
- 數詞: 表示數目或順序(例:one, first)
- 介詞: 用於名詞或代詞前,表示兩者與其他詞關係(例:on, by, in)
- 感嘆詞: 獨立句子之外,表示情感變化(例:oh, well)
- 連詞: 用來連接詞、短語、句子(例:and, before)
- 代詞: 替代人或事物(例:his, them)
九、8種句子成分
- 主語: 句中動作的發出者
- 謂語: 句中的動作
- 賓語: 句中動作的承受者
- 表語: 表示說明主語的品質、狀態、特徵
- 定語: 修飾描述主語或賓語的詞(常為形容詞)
- 狀語: 表示動作發生的時間/地點/原因/目的/結果/方式
- 賓補: 對賓語的進一步補充說明
- 同位語: 表示以一個名詞說明另一個名詞
例句分析:
She made her brother the little John sad yesterday and she felt guilty.
主語:She / 謂語:made / 定語:her / 賓補:sad / 賓語:brother / 同位語:the little John / 狀語:yesterday / 表語:guilty
十、名詞單複數變化規則
1. 一般情況:直接加 s
apple → apples, pig → pigs, book → books
2. 以 s / sh / ch / x 結尾:加 es
bus → buses, box → boxes, class → classes
3. 以輔音字母 + y 結尾:變 y 為 i 加 es
family → families, strawberry → strawberries
4. 以 f / fe 結尾:變 f / fe 為 ves
wife → wives, knife → knives
5. 以 o 結尾:有生命加 es,無生命加 s
potato → potatoes, photo → photos
6. 不規則變化
man → men, woman → women, child → children, foot → feet
7. 單複同形
fish → fish, sheep → sheep, Chinese → Chinese
這10大知識點涵蓋了國小英語的核心語法與基礎知識,建議結合例句與練題反覆鞏固,做到熟練運用,為中學英語學習打下堅實基礎。
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